Campbell Biology in Focus Ap Edition Chapter 4
Biology in Focus (AP) Chapter 4 Flashcards
Adapted from:
Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S., Minorsky, P., Jackson, R., & Reece, J. (2014). Campbell biology in focus. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. (ISBN# 0321813804)
| 4929162440 | Central vacuole | A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development |  | 0 |
| 4929162441 | Centrosome | Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center; has two centrioles. |  | 1 |
| 4929162442 | Chloroplast | An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. |  | 2 |
| 4929162443 | Chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. | 3 | |
| 4929162444 | Chromosome | A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. | 4 | |
| 4929162445 | Contractile vacuole | A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists. |  | 5 |
| 4929162446 | Cytoplasm | The contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane. | 6 | |
| 4929162447 | Cytoskeleton | A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions. | 7 | |
| 4929162448 | Endomembrane system | The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles; includes the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles. | 8 | |
| 4929162449 | Endoplasmic reticulum | An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions. |  | 9 |
| 4929162450 | Flagellum | A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. |  | 10 |
| 4929162451 | Golgi apparatus | An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products, notably noncellulose carbohydrates. |  | 11 |
| 4929162452 | Lysosome | A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists. | 12 | |
| 4929162453 | Microfilament | A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction; also known as an actin filament. |  | 13 |
| 4929162454 | Microtubule | A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella. |  | 14 |
| 4929162455 | Mitochondrion | An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP. |  | 15 |
| 4929162456 | Nuclear envelope | The double membrane in a eukaryotic cell that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. | 16 | |
| 4929162457 | Nucleoid | A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated. | 17 | |
| 4929162458 | Nucleolus | A specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly. See also ribosome. |  | 18 |
| 4929162459 | Nucleus | The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. | 19 | |
| 4929162460 | Peroxisome | An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen (H2) from various substrates to oxygen (O2), producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). | 20 | |
| 4929162461 | Plasma membrane | The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition. |  | 21 |
| 4929162462 | Ribosome | A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. |  | 22 |
| 4929162463 | Rough ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins. |  | 23 |
| 4929162464 | Smooth ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. Detoxifies and builds lipids. Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached. It is a major site of lipid synthesis. |  | 24 |
| 4929162465 | Transport vesicle | A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. |  | 25 |
| 4929162466 | cell wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |  | 26 |
| 4929162467 | cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion |  | 27 |
| 4929162468 | flagella | A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated. |  | 28 |
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Campbell Biology in Focus Ap Edition Chapter 4
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